Autosomal Haplotypes and the Genetic Reconstruction of Family Trees
AbstractDue to genetic linkage, segments of unrecombined DNA pass down through the generations intact. These segments are identical by descent (IBD) down to at least 2 cM in size and have an unknown common ancestor approximately 25 generations ago. By starting with a known ancestor and detecting the common IBD segments through triangulation, multiple IBD segments can be identified and combined into an autosomal genetic signature.
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March 19, 2015
Autosomal DNA and the Triangulation of Small Segments: A Statistical Approach
AbstractThrough the evaluation of allele frequencies, the probability of a random combination of allele matches can be calculated. Under ethnically homogenous conditions, one to one autosomal DNA matches can result in a false positive. Under those same conditions, triangulation demonstrates that a false positive is statistically improbable, indicating the match is identical by descent (IBD).
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March 4, 2015
Minimum Inherited DNA Segment Size and the Introduction of Familial Autosomal Haplotypes
Abstract
The process of genetic inheritance is often over simplified, leading consumers of genetic tests to believe that the amount of DNA from distant ancestors becomes negligible. In fact, segments of DNA pass down through the generations intact. Naturally occurring cleavage sites allow for small segments to exist at recurring chromosomal locations. These small segments can be used as familial markers in an autosomal haplotype.
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January 28, 2015
Identifying
Y-Chromosome Dynastic Haplotypes: The High Kings of Ireland Revisited
Abstract
The use of median-joining network analysis to illustrate patrilineal clusters and the selection of low mutation rate microsatellites to create a tribal haplotype provide a novel approach for identifying dynastic relationships. Sixty-seven marker short tandem repeat (STR) genetic analysis of Y-chromosomes reveals multiple unnoted modal haplotypes showing a significant association with surnames claimed to have descended from the High Kings of Ireland. This suggests that such phylogenetic prevalence is a biological record and supports the reliability of early genealogies. This approach demonstrates genetic genealogy building blocks and repeatable processes for practitioners.
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December 8, 2014
Y-Chromosomal Haplogroup R1b Diversity in Near East is Structured by Recent Historical Events (2014)
Abstract
A number of Near East populations have been studied, leading to contradictory conclusions. Sampling processes, microsatellite count and recent historic events have the potential to distort the results. Standard practice for genetic sample selection is limited to validating the geographic origin of the subject’s father or grandfather. Restricting the sampling to 10 or 11 microsatellites allows for haplotype convergence and provides insufficient analytical value for nonbiased origin identification. Roman Catholic Crusader activity in the 11th–13th centuries introduced western European haplotypes into the Near East, complicating the sampling process. Theories of a Neolithic origin for haplogroup R1b will have to be re-evaluated.
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September 23, 2014
Y Chromosome Haplogroup R1b-V88: Biogeographical Evidence for an Iberian Origin (2014)
Abstract
The status on the origins of haplogroup R1b remains split between the Iberian Peninsula prior to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and a West Asian origin coinciding with the Neolithic expansion. The majority of focus on subgroup R1b-V88 has concentrated on African populations and neglected European and West Asian populations. To get a complete understanding of the back to Africa migration, a holistic network approach is necessary. Biogeographical Multilateration (BGM) illustrates directional flow as well as chronological and physical origins at the haplogroup level. The resulting phylogenetic relationships for R1b-V88 support an Iberian origin, a Mediterranean expansion and a Europe to Africa back migration.
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August 12, 2014
Biogeographical Evidence
for the Iberian Origins of R1b-L278 via Haplotype Aggregation (2014)
Abstract
The status on the roots of haplogroup R1b remains split between an Iberian origin prior to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and a West Asian origin coinciding with the Neolithic expansion. Existing methods generalize geographic patterns based on large population genetic frequency and diversity. Haplotype Aggregation delivers a coherent genetic record selection and Biogeographical Multilateration (BGM) illustrates directional flow as well as chronological and physical origins at the haplogroup level. The resulting phylogenetic relationships across multiple high level branches of R1b support an Iberian origin and a rapid Western Atlantic migration.
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April 29, 2014
Biogeographical Origins and Y-chromosome Signature for the House of Normandy (2014)
A sixty-seven marker short tandem repeat (STR) genetic analysis of Y-chromosomes reveals an unnoted modal haplotype showing a significant association with surnames claimed to have descended from the Norman dynasties. This suggests that such phylogenetic prevalence is a biological record, supports the reliability of early genealogies for Rollo ‘The Dane’ and the House of Normandy. Current Y-chromosome haplogroup maps only cover the broadest-brush strokes of the highest-level origins. Existing methods only generalize geographic patterns based on large population genetic frequency and SNP. Biogeographical Multilateration (BGM) illustrates the paternal ancestor migration flow as well as Rollo’s chronological and physical origins at the individual haplotype level.
January 29, 2014
Y-Chromosome Haplotype Origins via Biogeographical Multilateration (2014)
Current Y-chromosome migration maps only cover the broadest-brush strokes of the highest-level haplogroups. Existing methods generalize geographic patterns based on large population genetic frequency and diversity. New tools are required to illuminate our nomadic, stationary and genealogical histories. Biogeographical Multilateration (BGM) illustrates directional flow as well as chronological and physical origins at the individual haplotype level.
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July 21, 2013
A Y-Chromosome Signature of Polygyny in Norman England (2013)
A thirty-seven marker short tandem repeat (STR) genetic analysis of Y-chromosomes reveals an unnoted modal haplotype showing a significant association with surnames claimed to have descended from the Norman dynasties and allied with William, Duke of Normandy, during his conquest of England. This suggests that such phylogenetic prevalence is a biological record, supports the reliability of early genealogies and illustrates the link between power and polygyny in European society.
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