Showing posts with label ethnicity. Show all posts
Showing posts with label ethnicity. Show all posts

Thursday, June 26, 2014

Your Autosomal DNA Tapestry

Deep Into DNA*

   What does a tapestry have in common with your autosomal DNA?  A tapestry is a colorful and complex weaving that tells a story.  Your autosomal DNA is a complex weaving of 3 billion base pairs inherited from your ancestors.  Autosomal DNA can tell multiple stories about ethnicity, health and relationships.  As you will see, your DNA can be quite colorful.

Bayeux Tapestry (Source: Wikimedia Commons)
   Every year new tools become available to help us understand our genetic patterns and learn about the stories written in our genes.  There are stories of health issues, both good and bad.  There are stories of our cousin connections.  There is diverse color in our ethnic background.  My autosomal tapestry hangs proudly on the wall.

...continued at The In-Depth Genealogist with a free subscription.


*The Deep Into DNA article series is published each month in the new Going In-Depth
digital genealogy magazine presented by The In-Depth Genealogist.

Friday, February 15, 2013

Get Your DNA to the Top of the Charts


Deep Into DNA*

Show me your DNA family tree. You don’t have one? This year, set a new resolution to build your DNA tree. You have a great family tree with names, dates and locations. I will be using fan charts to describe a variety of family trees including traditional, nationality, genetic and ethnic.

 

DNA gives us the ability to view beyond our nationalities to our cultural origins. You may have English ancestry on paper, genetically you might really be Celtic, Norman, Norse or Saxon. All nations are culturally and genetically diverse.

...continued at The In-Depth Genealogist with a free membership.


*The Deep Into DNA article series is published each month in the new Going In-Depth
digital genealogy magazine presented by The In-Depth Genealogist.

#gDNA

Friday, February 8, 2013

22 Reasons for DNA Testing

In celebration of reaching 22,222 views on my blog, I'm posting my top 22 reasons why you should have your DNA tested.  Even though there are hundreds of reasons to test your genes, you may only need one.

  1. Validate your paternal & maternal line genealogies - more
  2. Identify your paternal & maternal line deep ancestries - more
  3. Map your tribal migration - more
  4. Adds data to your entire family tree - more
  5. Identify your ethnicity - more
  6. Contact genetic cousins
  7. Helps with adoptee research
  8. Helps with genealogy research on illegitimate ancestors - more
  9. Identify health risk factors - more
  10. Validate your old world homeland - more
  11. Connect with historical events - more
  12. Jump over genealogical brick walls
  13. There is a test type for nearly every research need - more
  14. Prove or disprove oral history - more
  15. Prove or disprove genealogical theories
  16. Find out if you are part Neandertal - more
  17. An invaluable tool in your genealogy - more
  18. Connect related family lines
  19. Eliminate incorrect research paths
  20. Calculate how any two people are related - more
  21. Get a better understanding of who you really are - more
  22. Get a better understanding of what it means to be human - more
DNA tests can unlock valuable information about your past, present and future.

Friday, October 12, 2012

In Case You Haven't Heard...


I also write for The In-Depth Genealogist.  They offer a free newsletter covering a wide variety of genealogy topics.



In case you missed them, here are some of my posts from the In-Depth Genealogist site.

Genealogy as a Minefield:  Watch Where You Step - 22 May 2012

DNA: The New Discrimination - 22 Jun 2012

The Avoidable Death of William A. Clark - Part 1 - 12 Jul 2012

The Avoidable Death of William A. Clark - Part 2 - 12 Jul 2012

The Fluid Nature of Self-Identity: DNA and Ethnicity - 17 Aug 2012


Don't forget to sign up for the free newsletter.  The next issue comes out tomorrow.

Monday, July 30, 2012

Armenia, DNA and Ethnicity


   Self-identity, what culture or ethnicity do you identify with?  Your current culture?  Your immigrant ancestor’s culture?  Perhaps you identify with a culture buried deep in your DNA.

   See this article as a great primer on the differences between - Ethnicity, Nationality, Race, Heritage, and Culture.

   Culturally, my wife is an American.  I could even say that she is a New Englander.  She grew up in an Armenian family, but she doesn’t know the language.  What she does identify with is the food and family.  Her immigrant grandfather, Reuben, was born in Turkey.  Turkish was his nationality, but culturally he associated deeply with the Armenian heritage that was strong in Adana.

   Nations redraw their lines, form and dissolve over the course of decades.  If you had lived in central Europe over the past few hundred years, one day you might be French and the next day German, only to be French again in a week.

   How long does it take us to lose our ethnicity?  If I took my family to Armenia and we stayed there for three or four generations, would they think of themselves as Armenian American Armenians.   I doubt it.  Each generation would absorb the culture around them to a greater degree.  Given enough time, some descendants might think that it was just family mythology that they ever lived in the US.  We’ve always been here.

   We are all immigrants or descendants of immigrants.  That goes for the entire planet.

   If I look at another side of my wife’s family, they’ve been in America for over 350 years.  Their immigrant ancestor, Edward Clark, was ethnically English.  In turn, Edward’s immigrant ancestor was Norman and the immigrant ancestor before that was Danish.  I can keep going back, Iberia, Asia and Africa.  Which culture should they identify with?  Nationality is fleeting and uncertain.  Ethnicity is in your genes, embrace all the cultures of your ancestors.

   About 50,000 years ago, there were no humans in Armenia, or for that matter, Asia Minor.  Over the intervening years, folks trickled in from every direction.  Let’s look at the current distribution of Armenian y-DNA.


Haplogroup
Percentage
Culture
J1c & J2a
32%
Arabic / Semitic
R1b
25%
Iberian/Gaul
G2a
14%
Caucasus
E1b
8%
Alexandrian
I2a & R1a
8%
Balkan
T1
6%
Mid-eastern
L2a
4%
Dravidian
Q1
1%
Hun


   This is a snapshot of modern Armenia.  Without analyzing individual haplotypes from this dataset, it is difficult to determine which group arrived first.  More than likely each group had multiple waves of immigration across history.  I’ve created the map below for you to get a feel for the origin and flow of the major haplogroups.


   It’s not unusual for groups J1c, J2a and G2a to have high percentages.  Those groups also have their origins in that region.  The large portion of R1b can be attributed to the crusaders passing through for hundreds of years.  Many of the taverns in this region have signs that say, ‘Alexander the Great slept here’.   His empire would have contributed the E1b DNA as they conquered eastward and the Dravidian DNA flowed back toward Greece with the spoils.  The Roman and Byzantine influence brought the Balkan DNA.  The Huns also stopped by on their way to conquer Eastern Europe.

   My wife can count Armenian as part of her heritage, with roots on the Mediterranean coast of Turkey.  Someday I will find her living Armenian cousins in order to get DNA tests.  Those results will allow me to identify her deeper ancestral ethnicity.

   On another line, she is descended from four generations of Sea Captains from Maine with Scottish origins.  Should my wife self-identify with all the cultures of her ancestors?  Probably not.  Should she learn about and understand all those cultures?  Definitely.  We can pick and choose the best parts of our ancestral heritage and create our own unique ethnic identity.  She has a love for the ocean that didn’t come from any early family experience.  It’s in her DNA.

Monday, June 11, 2012

Who's Who in the DNA Zoo


   When I talk to folks about y-DNA, I like to give the haplogroups an ethnic identity.  Rather than just saying that they are R1b, I also talk about their Western European or Celto-Iberian deep ancestry.  This helps them associate their DNA in a historical and geographical context.  It is important to understand that your nationality is just the outside of the onion, with many more ethnic layers beneath.


   I’ll pick on England for second, because they’re an island.  Roughly 10,000 years ago, nobody lived in England.  It was still recovering from the Ice Age.  Over the past 10,000 years, England has seen wave after wave of immigrants and invasions.  It’s only been the last 2,000 years that we can label these new comers as Romans, Vikings, Anglo-Saxons or Normans.  If you consider yourself English, think again.  What is that next ethnic layer?

   If you want to know the answer, I suggest taking a DNA test to get your ancestral origins.  The approximate cultural identities that I use for y-DNA are:

  • C3 - Mongol
  • E1b – Greek / Egyptian
  • G2a – Caucasus / Etruscan
  • I1 – Scandinavian
  • I2 – Balkan / Danubian  
  • J – Phoenician / Semitic
  • N1c – Finn
  • Q1a – Siberian / Native American
  • R1a – Balkan / Slavic
  • R1b – Celtic (most common in Europe)

   I see these haplogroups consistently in Europe.  There are many more, worldwide.  Even these ethnicities are too generalized.  Throughout history, the R1b and I1 folks have shared geography from Iberia to Scandinavia.  It may be easy to describe someone as Celto-Scandinavian, but it is difficult to say Scandinavian-Iberian.  Location based naming conventions are tough to use for nomadic tribes.

   Perhaps you are English and have taken an autosomal DNA test.  As part of the at-DNA test, you get an ethnic population distribution.  It might say that you are 100% Scandinavian.  Now you have peeled back one more layer of your ethnic onion.  What flavor of Scandinavian are you?  This is where y-DNA can help place you in either the R1b, I2, N1c or even Q1a group.

   You could find out that you are R1b Scandinavian (with Celto-Iberian roots) and that more than likely your ancestors entered England as part of the Anglo-Saxon invasion.  One more layer peeled back.  I know that R1b men were among the Anglo-Saxons.  That doesn’t mean that they were a homogenous group.  Perhaps you are more Angle than Saxon or even Jute.

   Many of these nomadic haplogroups traveled the same river highways and lived in the same regions.  Today the genetic groups are thoroughly mixed in every country.  It is difficult to pick a time in history when we weren’t mixed.  History books are full of the great battles between nations.  Where is it written that two tribes co-existed, worked together and built a new common heritage?

   I can count Italian as part of my heritage, with roots in the mountains outside of Benevento.  That definition of me only has a 150-year history.  Prior to 1860, Italy was not a unified country.  3,000 years ago, my ancestors were living on the north side of the Alps in what is now Switzerland.  That doesn’t make me Swiss or does it?  7,000 years ago, my ancestors lived along the Danube River.  Now I’m Danubian.  Before that, we were in the Caucasus Mountains.  I sense a mountain theme going on here.  Perhaps I should call myself Caucasian?  My y-DNA haplogroup is G with origins in the Caucasus and my autosomal test indicates a close relation with the Adyghe or Circassian tribes of current day Russian Georgia.  A rough translation of the word Adyghe means ‘mountaineer who lives near the sea or between two seas’.  The Italian peninsula must have made a great home away from home.

   I could continue to peel back the layers of my ethnicity.  Genetically we could all say that we are African.  Who we really are and what culture we associate with has gotten a bit more complex.  My y-DNA is just a fraction of my identity.  I enjoy the music of Scottish bagpipes while drinking Irish beer or eating a nice slice of lasagna with a glass of German wine.  I have a craving to hike in the mountains, go figure.